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An untouchable number is a positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of all the proper divisors of any positive integer (including the untouchable number itself). For example, the number 4 is not untouchable as it is equal to the sum of the proper divisors of 9: 1 + 3 = 4. The number 5 is untouchable as it is not the sum of the proper divisors of any positive integer: 5 = 1 + 4 is the only way to write 5 as the sum of distinct positive integers including 1, but if 4 divides a number, 2 does also, so 1 + 4 cannot be the sum of all of any number's proper divisors (since the list of factors would have to contain both 4 and 2). The first few untouchable numbers are: :2, 5, 52, 88, 96, 120, 124, 146, 162, 188, 206, 210, 216, 238, 246, 248, 262, 268, 276, 288, 290, 292, 304, 306, 322, 324, 326, 336, 342, 372, 406, 408, 426, 430, 448, 472, 474, 498, ... The number 5 is believed to be the only odd untouchable number, but this has not been proven: it would follow from a slightly stronger version of the Goldbach conjecture, since the sum of the proper divisors of ''pq'' (with ''p'', ''q'' distinct primes) is 1+''p''+''q''. Thus, if a number ''n'' can be written as a sum of two distinct primes, then ''n''+1 is not an untouchable number. It is expected that every even number larger than 6 is a sum of two distinct primes, so probably no odd number larger than 7 is an untouchable number, and , , , so only 5 can be odd untouchable number.〔The stronger version is obtained by adding to the Goldbach conjecture the further requirement that the two primes be distinct - see 〕 Thus it appears that besides 2 and 5, all untouchable numbers are composite numbers. No perfect number is untouchable, since, at the very least, it can be expressed as the sum of its own proper divisors. Similarly, no one of amicable numbers or sociable numbers is untouchable. There are infinitely many untouchable numbers, a fact that was proven by Paul Erdős.〔P. Erdos, Über die Zahlen der Form und . Elemente der Math. 28 (1973), 83-86, ()〕 No untouchable number is one more than a prime number, since if ''p'' is prime, then the sum of the proper divisors of ''p''2 is ''p'' + 1. Also, no untouchable number is three more than a prime number, except 5, since if ''p'' is an odd prime then the sum of the proper divisors of ''2p'' is ''p'' + 3. ==See also== * Aliquot sequence * nontotient * noncototient * Weird number 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「untouchable number」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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